Dr. Gil Feiler Iran’s pursuit of nuclear capabilities has imposed a profound and enduring economic cost—one that extends far beyond sanctions and into the structural fabric of the Iranian economy. Even prior to any large-scale military confrontation, Iran’s macroeconomic condition was fragile, characterized by high inflation, persistent currency depreciation, underinvestment, and institutional inefficiencies. The cumulative burden of geopolitical isolation, combined with policy mismanagement, left the economy poorly positioned to absorb ...